Indrustrial Level
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One
of the primary areas for water savings in the commercial and industrial sectors is cooling water. Of all industrial water use, cooling water
needs account for more than
half. Replacement of once-through cooling processes with recirculating
systems has been shown to provide
some of the largest water savings and the most rapid investment payback. Often, cooling water is
uncontaminated and can be
reused for landscape irrigation, clean-up and other purposes
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Agricultural level
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In agriculture the wonder machine of
the age is a simple length of perforated pipe hooked up to a pump. This is
the basic tool of drip irrigation, also called micro-irrigation, an
Israeli-devised technique in which small amounts of water are applied
directly to plant roots through pipes buried along rows of crops. The method
is 95% efficient, meaning that almost all the water is applied to nurturing
the plant compared with as little as 20% in traditional irrigation
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Local Government Level
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Conservation-oriented rate structures
and pricing mechanisms such as conservation pricing-rate structures, rebates,
credits, conservation incentive or surcharge fees, cost-sharing and loans
have been adopted or are being considered by a growing number of water
suppliers and regional authorities. Excess-use surcharges, when properly
designed, send loud and clear messages to consumers that high water use can
be costly
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Beekman, G. B. (1998). Water Conservation, Recycling and Reuse. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 14(3), 353-364. doi:10.1080/07900629849268
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